Books by Radoslav Čambal
Poklady z Malých Karpát. Nálezy z vrchov a nížin. Katalóg výstavy, 2020
7 POKLADY UKRYTÉ V ZEMI IGOR BAZOVSKÝ 11 NAJSTARŠIE HROMADNÉ NÁLEZY Z NESKOREJ DOBY KAMENNEJ ZDEN... more 7 POKLADY UKRYTÉ V ZEMI IGOR BAZOVSKÝ 11 NAJSTARŠIE HROMADNÉ NÁLEZY Z NESKOREJ DOBY KAMENNEJ ZDENĚK FARKAŠ 15 HROMADNÉ NÁLEZY BRONZOVÉHO VEKU JURAJ BARTÍK -PAVOL JELÍNEK 35 HROMADNÉ NÁLEZY A POKLADY MINCÍ ZO ŽELEZNEJ DOBY RADOSLAV ČAMBAL 51 HROMADNÉ NÁLEZY A POKLADY MINCÍ V DOBE RÍMSKEJ IGOR BAZOVSKÝ 57 HROMADNÉ NÁLEZY Z OBDOBIA VČASNÉHO STREDOVEKU VLADIMÍR TURČAN 61 NÁLEZY MINCÍ AKO VÝZNAMNÝ PRAMEŇ POZNANIA MAREK BUDAJ 71 LITERATÚRA 75 RESUMÉ Miesto nálezu bronzových náramkov na Miesto nálezu bronzových náramkov na hradisku Pohanská v Plaveckom Podhradí. hradisku Pohanská v Plaveckom Podhradí. 7
Poklady z Malých Karpát. Nálezy z vrchov a nížin. Katalóg výstavy., 2020
SKRYTÉ POKLADY, 2019
Od roku 2015 prebieha v obci Tvrdošovce archeologický výskum pod vedením Slovenského národného mú... more Od roku 2015 prebieha v obci Tvrdošovce archeologický výskum pod vedením Slovenského národného múzea v Bratislave.
Počas tejto pomerne krátkej doby bolo objavené množstvo výnimočných nálezov, ktoré svojim významom do veľkej miery prekračujú región Tvrdošoviec a ich okolia. Kniha má za cieľ
na príklade tejto významnej lokality priblížiť dejiny najstaršieho osídlenia Slovenska od praveku až po stredovek. Prináša výber tých najzaujímavejších nálezov, ktoré sa podarilo počas výskumu objaviť a na ich príklade ukazuje, aké bohaté, pestré a pútavé
sú dejiny územia dnešného Slovenska.
by Hradiska Sk, Peter Jenčík, Víťazoslav Struhár, Radoslav Čambal, Gabriel Fusek, Milan Hanuliak, Branislav Kovár, András Csuthy, Tomáš Michalík, Peter Milo, and Jozef Moravčík Hradiská - Svedkovia dávnych čias (Hillforts - Witnesses of Old Times), 2015
Almanac of scientific articles focused on hillforts and fortified settlements in Slovakia.
Zborník SNM - Archeológia, Supplementum 1, Bratislava 2004
Praveké sídlisko v Lozorne - Širokých Dieloch. Zborník SNM Archeológia - Supplementum 7
Die Urgeschichtliche Siedlung in Lozorno-Široké diely (Westslowakei). Grabungen in den Jahren 199... more Die Urgeschichtliche Siedlung in Lozorno-Široké diely (Westslowakei). Grabungen in den Jahren 1999 - 2009.
Late bronze Age and Hallstatt Period by Radoslav Čambal
Zborník Slovenského národného múzea CXVII, Archeológia 33, 2023
Keywords: South Slovakia, Bronze Age, casting mould, spear-shaped pendants.
Abstract: Mould for ... more Keywords: South Slovakia, Bronze Age, casting mould, spear-shaped pendants.
Abstract: Mould for casting pendants from Tekovské Lužany. The contribution presents a casting mould made of greywacke sandstone for spear-shaped pendants, found in Tekovské Lužany on the surface of a low plateau. Artifact analysis and regional spread of archeological cultures suggest that the mould was created in the Middle or Late Bronze Age.
Zborník Slovenského Národného Múzea CXIV, Archeológia 30, 2020
The article deals with three as yet unpublished hoards (no. 4–6) found on the acropolis of the fo... more The article deals with three as yet unpublished hoards (no. 4–6) found on the acropolis of the fortified upland settlement in Smolenice-Molpír (Trnava district). The hoards consisted of iron raw material, tools, jewellery and items of clothing, and hoard no. 4 can be interpreted as a craftsman’s hoard on the basis of the presence of tools for processing and working metals. Whereas hoard no. 5 did not contain any item which might allow a more detailed chronological classification, the other two hoards can be dated to the period from the end of Ha C2 to the beginning of Ha D1 on the basis of the bronze fibulae.
A. Kozubová/E. Makarová/M. Neumann (ed.): Ultra Velum Temporis. Venované Jozefovi Bátorovi k 70. narodeninám. Slov. Arch. Supplementum 1, 2020
Keywords: SW Slovakia, Little Carpathians, Hallstatt period, hoard, spiral bracelet, XRF analysis... more Keywords: SW Slovakia, Little Carpathians, Hallstatt period, hoard, spiral bracelet, XRF analysis.
Hoard of Bracelets from the Hallstatt Period from the Záruby Peak in the Little Carpathians. Paper deals with a hoard of three bronze spiral rings passed to the collection of the SNM-Archaeological museum in Bratislava in 2004. They were found on the Záruby, the highest peak and the dominant of the Little Carpathians, in the cadastral district of Buková and Smolenice. The alleged location of the hoard almost on the top of the hill might point to the possibility of its ritual deposition. The spiral bracelets made of bronze wire with decorated ends date to the stage HD.
Ultra Velum Temporis. Slovenská Archeológia Supplementum 1, 2020
Keywords: West Slovakia, Late Bronze Age, hillfort, fortification course, mass finds of bronze, h... more Keywords: West Slovakia, Late Bronze Age, hillfort, fortification course, mass finds of bronze, hoard of gold ornaments.
Pohanská near Plavecké Podhradie. New Information on the Hillfort from the Late Bronze Age. Between 1927 and 1990, the Pohanská hillfort in Plavecké Podhradie was repeatedly surveyed and examined using probes. After 2019, the results of laser scanning provided fundamentally more precise information on the shapes of the terrain and the course of the rampart. As a result of illegal activities, four mass finds were added to the collection: three composed of bronze artefacts and one of gold artefacts. The new finds confirm that the main period of settlement in this site in the Bronze Age was the middle and later Urnfield period, HA2–HB1.
Študijné zvesti, vol. 2019, Supplementum 1, 2019
Keywords: Iron Age, Smolenice-Molpír, equestrian nomads, Scythian arrowheads
A script of the equ... more Keywords: Iron Age, Smolenice-Molpír, equestrian nomads, Scythian arrowheads
A script of the equestrian nomads in the 1st millennium BC? Remarks on the so-called Scythian arrowheads with markings between Eastern Alps, Urals and Anatolia Numerous studies are devoted to the distribution, chronology and historical interpretation of the so-called Scythian arrowheads, which are known in the vast area between Central Europe, Eurasia and the Near East. Less well known and researched so far is the occurrence of incised and cast signs that occur on the wings and sometimes the sockets of the two- and threewinged bronze arrowheads. While such signs on finds from the Northern Pontic region and Anatolia have been known for some time, their occurrence on arrowheads from eastern Central Europe, more precisely on arrowheads from the fortified Hallstatt-settlement Smolenice-Molpír, belongs to the more recent discoveries. While initially only a very small number of pieces with incised signs have been discovered and made public, we can now say that their number and their variety are much larger. The finds from Smolenice-Molpír are now among the largest ensembles of arrowheads with incised signs, which are known to date. With a view to comparable finds, the question arises of the interpretation of these signs – is it possibly a sign system that was widespread in the mounted nomadic cultural circle and is to be addressed as writing?
Keywords: Plavecké Podhradie, Pohanská hill fort, late Bronze Age, pair of punches for making dec... more Keywords: Plavecké Podhradie, Pohanská hill fort, late Bronze Age, pair of punches for making decorative patterns
Abstact: Pair of decorated punches from Pohanská near Plavecké Podhradie. The accidentally discovered pair of punches with concentric circular ribbing on its work surface matches a pair of punches from a set of metal-working tools from the late Bronze Age in Génelard, France, and in Murnau, Bavaria. The site of the find is the Pohanská hill fort in the cadastral distrikt of the municipality of Plavecké Podhradie in western Slovakia. In the late Bronze Age, representatives of the Velatice and Podolí cultures settled in this exposed site. Exclusive gold items, which are not, however, present in finds from Slovakia, are ofte decorated with imprints of concentric circular ribbing with a convexity in the middle.
Sedem decénií Petra Romsauera
Western Slowakia, Late Bronze Age, Thraco-Cimmerian horizon, the Gamów type dagger,
The Gamów t... more Western Slowakia, Late Bronze Age, Thraco-Cimmerian horizon, the Gamów type dagger,
The Gamów type iron dagger of the Thraco-Cimmerian horizon from Slovakia. Artefacts connected with influences from eastern Europe and the caucasus occur in the territory of Western Slovakia in the Late Bronze Age (HB2-HB3). This is the horizon of the so-called „Cimmerian bronzes“. They appear in burial complexes, depots as well as in form of individual finds. The y are often parts of horses harnesse and most frequently, they are weapons – bimetalic daggers with openwork hilts of the Gamów type. At present, three knives of this type in three different variants are known from Slovakia. First is made of bronze, second of iron and the last is yet unpublished bimetallic dagger with bronze handle and iron blade.
Keywords: West Slowakia, Dolné Vestenice, Late Bronze Age, Thraco-cimmerian horizon, Hoard, Iron ... more Keywords: West Slowakia, Dolné Vestenice, Late Bronze Age, Thraco-cimmerian horizon, Hoard, Iron sword and bimetallic dagger type Gamów, dagger scabbard chape, scabbard suspension ring, analysis of find
Abstract: Iron sword and bimetallic Gamów-type dagger from Dolné Vestenice. In the area of western Slovakia, čems linked to the influences of eastern Europe and the Caucasus appear in the late Bronze Age period. This is the horizon of the so-called “Cimmerian bronzes”. They appear in grave units, deposits as well as in individual finds. They are often parts of horse gear. In the case of weapons, they are edged weapons in the form of daggers with a Gamów type castellated handle, and iron spear points with a perforated shaft. A unique find is the iron, grip-tongue sword, discovered together with a bimetallic Gamów-type dagger and parts of its sheath with a fin-like chape and hanging strap. At present, three daggers of this type are known from the territory of Slovakia, in three different versions (bimetallic with an iron blade and bronze handle, bronze and iron). The dating of these weapons points to the late urnfield cultures of the late Bronze Age (HaB2-HaB3).
Zborník SNM Archeológia, Supplementum 11. Zborník na pamiatku Magdy Pichlerovej.
Geophysical survey of burial mounds in Dunajská Lužná- Nové Košariská. Dunajská Lužná-Nové Košari... more Geophysical survey of burial mounds in Dunajská Lužná- Nové Košariská. Dunajská Lužná-Nové Košariská is one of the most important Hallstatt locations in Central Europe. It is known for its excavated burial mound site of the Calenderberg culture, excavated from 1961 to 1967. In 2014 and 2015, research was carried out using geophysical measurements (magnetometer and ground-penetrating radar). A burial mound shape was excavated, marked as burial
mound V, and control measurements were also carried out on the excavated burial mound VI. !e survey con"rmed that in the case of the shape known as burial mound V, it is truly an arti"cial embankment – probably for a burial mound – with a circumferential ditch.
Zborník SNM 109 Archeológia 25, 2015
Keywords: Southwestern Slovakia, Dunajská Lužná-Nové Košariská, Early Iron Age – Hallstatt, Calen... more Keywords: Southwestern Slovakia, Dunajská Lužná-Nové Košariská, Early Iron Age – Hallstatt, Calenderberg cultures, settlement, weaving workshop, analysis and evaluation of material.
Abstract: Settlement of the Calenderberg culture in Dunajská Lužná-Nové Košariská. Dunajská Lužná-Nové Košariská is one of the most signifcant Hallstatt locations in the Central Danube area. It is well-known forits excavated burial mound site of the Calenderberg culture. In 2002 and 2005, a settlement was found. Six settlement buildings were excavated. One was a manufacturing building containing in situ 168 weaving weights making up two upright looms. Further buildings were typical half-buried houses with a quadratic layout, one settlement ditch and a building made of palisades. An oven for making food was also excavated. The Finds in the settlement include the typical settlement pottery of the Calenderberg culture, as well as pottery influenced by the Basarabi culture. We suppose that the local elite living in this settlement was buried in the well-known burial mound situated approx. 250 metres from the settlement. The settlement is contemporary with the later phase of burial in the tumulus (phase III: burial mound VI and I) which is dated to the middle and later stage of the Calenderberg culture HaC2 – HaD1.
Geoarchaeology and Archaeomineralogy (Eds. R. I. Kostov, B. Gaydarska, M. Gurova). 2008. Proceedings of the International Conference, 29-30 October 2008 Sofia, Publishing House “St. Ivan Rilski”, Sofia 2008.
ABSTRACT. This study presents results of the mineralogical and petrographical analysis of Kalende... more ABSTRACT. This study presents results of the mineralogical and petrographical analysis of Kalenderberg household and burial ceramics from three important localities in Slovakia. The questions of raw material provenance, forming techniques of the vessels and firing ...
Petra P. Pospechová/P. Wittgrúber (ed.): CARNVNTVM GERULATA. Zborník. Germánske osídlenie pri Dunaji v priestore Bratislavskej brány ako širšie hospodárske a sociálne zázemie Carnunta a Gerulaty, Pezinok 2008
Die Besiedlung der Bezirke Bratislava, Senec und Pezinok in Hallstattzeit.
Zborník SNM Archeológia, Supplementum 9. Zborník na pamiatku Jozefa Paulíka. Gedenkschrift für Jozef Paulík.
Keywords: Western Slovakia, Late bronze Age, Hoard, iron kniwes, sickle, lance, sword with T-hand... more Keywords: Western Slovakia, Late bronze Age, Hoard, iron kniwes, sickle, lance, sword with T-handle type Mahaira – variant Basarabi, HaB2 – HaB3, HaC1.
Abstract: Iron Objects from the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age from Čvirigovec. The fortifield site of Čvirigovec near Trenčianske teplice is well-known for excavations from the period of late burial fields. The transition from the late Bronze Age and the early Iron Age is mainly documented by the bronze and iron industry. Iron items are linked to the so-called Kimmer horizon, or the Mezőcsát group (HaB2 – HaB3), witch was involin the foundation of the cultures of the Hallstatt period in the Carpathian Basin. An importand piece of evidence of relations between the Central Danube geographical area with the Basarabi culture in south-western Romania during the period of beginnings of the early Iron Age (HaC1) is the small sword or fighting knife with a T-handle of the „mahaira – Basarabi variant“ type.
Zborník SNM 101, Archeológia 17, 2007
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Books by Radoslav Čambal
Počas tejto pomerne krátkej doby bolo objavené množstvo výnimočných nálezov, ktoré svojim významom do veľkej miery prekračujú región Tvrdošoviec a ich okolia. Kniha má za cieľ
na príklade tejto významnej lokality priblížiť dejiny najstaršieho osídlenia Slovenska od praveku až po stredovek. Prináša výber tých najzaujímavejších nálezov, ktoré sa podarilo počas výskumu objaviť a na ich príklade ukazuje, aké bohaté, pestré a pútavé
sú dejiny územia dnešného Slovenska.
Late bronze Age and Hallstatt Period by Radoslav Čambal
Abstract: Mould for casting pendants from Tekovské Lužany. The contribution presents a casting mould made of greywacke sandstone for spear-shaped pendants, found in Tekovské Lužany on the surface of a low plateau. Artifact analysis and regional spread of archeological cultures suggest that the mould was created in the Middle or Late Bronze Age.
Hoard of Bracelets from the Hallstatt Period from the Záruby Peak in the Little Carpathians. Paper deals with a hoard of three bronze spiral rings passed to the collection of the SNM-Archaeological museum in Bratislava in 2004. They were found on the Záruby, the highest peak and the dominant of the Little Carpathians, in the cadastral district of Buková and Smolenice. The alleged location of the hoard almost on the top of the hill might point to the possibility of its ritual deposition. The spiral bracelets made of bronze wire with decorated ends date to the stage HD.
Pohanská near Plavecké Podhradie. New Information on the Hillfort from the Late Bronze Age. Between 1927 and 1990, the Pohanská hillfort in Plavecké Podhradie was repeatedly surveyed and examined using probes. After 2019, the results of laser scanning provided fundamentally more precise information on the shapes of the terrain and the course of the rampart. As a result of illegal activities, four mass finds were added to the collection: three composed of bronze artefacts and one of gold artefacts. The new finds confirm that the main period of settlement in this site in the Bronze Age was the middle and later Urnfield period, HA2–HB1.
A script of the equestrian nomads in the 1st millennium BC? Remarks on the so-called Scythian arrowheads with markings between Eastern Alps, Urals and Anatolia Numerous studies are devoted to the distribution, chronology and historical interpretation of the so-called Scythian arrowheads, which are known in the vast area between Central Europe, Eurasia and the Near East. Less well known and researched so far is the occurrence of incised and cast signs that occur on the wings and sometimes the sockets of the two- and threewinged bronze arrowheads. While such signs on finds from the Northern Pontic region and Anatolia have been known for some time, their occurrence on arrowheads from eastern Central Europe, more precisely on arrowheads from the fortified Hallstatt-settlement Smolenice-Molpír, belongs to the more recent discoveries. While initially only a very small number of pieces with incised signs have been discovered and made public, we can now say that their number and their variety are much larger. The finds from Smolenice-Molpír are now among the largest ensembles of arrowheads with incised signs, which are known to date. With a view to comparable finds, the question arises of the interpretation of these signs – is it possibly a sign system that was widespread in the mounted nomadic cultural circle and is to be addressed as writing?
Abstact: Pair of decorated punches from Pohanská near Plavecké Podhradie. The accidentally discovered pair of punches with concentric circular ribbing on its work surface matches a pair of punches from a set of metal-working tools from the late Bronze Age in Génelard, France, and in Murnau, Bavaria. The site of the find is the Pohanská hill fort in the cadastral distrikt of the municipality of Plavecké Podhradie in western Slovakia. In the late Bronze Age, representatives of the Velatice and Podolí cultures settled in this exposed site. Exclusive gold items, which are not, however, present in finds from Slovakia, are ofte decorated with imprints of concentric circular ribbing with a convexity in the middle.
The Gamów type iron dagger of the Thraco-Cimmerian horizon from Slovakia. Artefacts connected with influences from eastern Europe and the caucasus occur in the territory of Western Slovakia in the Late Bronze Age (HB2-HB3). This is the horizon of the so-called „Cimmerian bronzes“. They appear in burial complexes, depots as well as in form of individual finds. The y are often parts of horses harnesse and most frequently, they are weapons – bimetalic daggers with openwork hilts of the Gamów type. At present, three knives of this type in three different variants are known from Slovakia. First is made of bronze, second of iron and the last is yet unpublished bimetallic dagger with bronze handle and iron blade.
Abstract: Iron sword and bimetallic Gamów-type dagger from Dolné Vestenice. In the area of western Slovakia, čems linked to the influences of eastern Europe and the Caucasus appear in the late Bronze Age period. This is the horizon of the so-called “Cimmerian bronzes”. They appear in grave units, deposits as well as in individual finds. They are often parts of horse gear. In the case of weapons, they are edged weapons in the form of daggers with a Gamów type castellated handle, and iron spear points with a perforated shaft. A unique find is the iron, grip-tongue sword, discovered together with a bimetallic Gamów-type dagger and parts of its sheath with a fin-like chape and hanging strap. At present, three daggers of this type are known from the territory of Slovakia, in three different versions (bimetallic with an iron blade and bronze handle, bronze and iron). The dating of these weapons points to the late urnfield cultures of the late Bronze Age (HaB2-HaB3).
mound V, and control measurements were also carried out on the excavated burial mound VI. !e survey con"rmed that in the case of the shape known as burial mound V, it is truly an arti"cial embankment – probably for a burial mound – with a circumferential ditch.
Abstract: Settlement of the Calenderberg culture in Dunajská Lužná-Nové Košariská. Dunajská Lužná-Nové Košariská is one of the most signifcant Hallstatt locations in the Central Danube area. It is well-known forits excavated burial mound site of the Calenderberg culture. In 2002 and 2005, a settlement was found. Six settlement buildings were excavated. One was a manufacturing building containing in situ 168 weaving weights making up two upright looms. Further buildings were typical half-buried houses with a quadratic layout, one settlement ditch and a building made of palisades. An oven for making food was also excavated. The Finds in the settlement include the typical settlement pottery of the Calenderberg culture, as well as pottery influenced by the Basarabi culture. We suppose that the local elite living in this settlement was buried in the well-known burial mound situated approx. 250 metres from the settlement. The settlement is contemporary with the later phase of burial in the tumulus (phase III: burial mound VI and I) which is dated to the middle and later stage of the Calenderberg culture HaC2 – HaD1.
Abstract: Iron Objects from the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age from Čvirigovec. The fortifield site of Čvirigovec near Trenčianske teplice is well-known for excavations from the period of late burial fields. The transition from the late Bronze Age and the early Iron Age is mainly documented by the bronze and iron industry. Iron items are linked to the so-called Kimmer horizon, or the Mezőcsát group (HaB2 – HaB3), witch was involin the foundation of the cultures of the Hallstatt period in the Carpathian Basin. An importand piece of evidence of relations between the Central Danube geographical area with the Basarabi culture in south-western Romania during the period of beginnings of the early Iron Age (HaC1) is the small sword or fighting knife with a T-handle of the „mahaira – Basarabi variant“ type.